Basic Medicine
Francis-Dominic Makong Ekpan; Merit Oluchi Ori; Humphrey Sam Samuel; Odii Peter Egwuatu
Abstract
In the face of growing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable energy sources, the production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic waste materials has emerged as a promising solution. This study provides an overview of efforts to enhance the eco-friendly production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic ...
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In the face of growing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable energy sources, the production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic waste materials has emerged as a promising solution. This study provides an overview of efforts to enhance the eco-friendly production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic waste, addressing both the environmental and economic aspects of this renewable energy source. Lignocellulosic waste materials, such as agricultural residues and forest biomass, offer a rich source of raw materials for bioethanol production. Their utilization not only reduces waste accumulation, but also decreases the dependency on finite fossil fuels. However, the challenge lies in the efficient conversion of these materials into bioethanol while minimizing environmental impacts. To achieve this, researchers have been exploring various strategies, including advanced pretreatment techniques, enzymatic hydrolysis, and microbial fermentation. These methods aim to increase bioethanol yields, reduce production costs, and minimize waste generation, thus promoting a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach. In addition, the integration of waste-to-bioethanol processes with existing industries and the development of circular bio-economies hold promise for economic viability. As the world shifts towards a more sustainable energy future, these advancements in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic waste materials play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating environmental impacts.
Basic Medicine
Azmat Hussain; Saira Habib; Inam Ullah; Fahma Sahreen; Imtiaz Ahmad; Imosobomeh L Ikhioya
Abstract
In this study, a hydrothermal method was used to synthesize Tix MnNiO nanostructures for photovoltaic applications. The synthesized films display a hexagonal phase and are polycrystalline. They exhibit a preferred alignment on the (111), (112), (116), (121), and (200) planes. The angles 2 theta are (26.612, ...
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In this study, a hydrothermal method was used to synthesize Tix MnNiO nanostructures for photovoltaic applications. The synthesized films display a hexagonal phase and are polycrystalline. They exhibit a preferred alignment on the (111), (112), (116), (121), and (200) planes. The angles 2 theta are (26.612, 30.816, 32.154, 33.154, and 37.856) degrees. The structural properties of the material are enhanced by incorporating titanium into the lattice of manganese, nickel oxide. By integrating titanium into the MnNiO lattice, the material's UV absorbance was enhanced. At 310 nm, the noticeable peaks of the materials show a rise in titanium concentration, leading to enhanced absorbance during synthesis. The material absorbance decreases as the wavelength of light in the visible region increases. The indirect bandgap energy of the synthesized Tix MnNiO film decreases with increasing molar concentration, ranging from 2.75 eV to 1.82-1.50 eV.
Basic Medicine
Roohallah Yousefi; Shahla Mokaramian
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has emerged as a significant global threat to all countries and societies. Analyzing infection rates, mortality due to Covid-19, and the impact of vaccination, weather conditions, and demographic and ethnic composition on infection and mortality ...
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The coronavirus pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has emerged as a significant global threat to all countries and societies. Analyzing infection rates, mortality due to Covid-19, and the impact of vaccination, weather conditions, and demographic and ethnic composition on infection and mortality rates can provide crucial insights into this disease. SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus causing acute respiratory syndrome, first emerged as a global pandemic in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there have been 768,237,788 confirmed cases of Covid-19 reported worldwide, resulting in 6,951,677 fatalities as of July 19, 2023. Analyzing various factors like infection rates, mortality, vaccination, weather conditions, and demographics helps us understand the disease better. The United States has the highest COVID-19 death toll, while African countries have reported the lowest. However, Africa's high death-to-infection ratio might be due to inadequate healthcare services and vaccination rates, which require urgent attention. In addition, the relationship between environmental temperatures and COVID-19 cases and mortality is still under investigation.
Basic Medicine
Roohallah Yousefi
Abstract
Introduction: In beta-thalassemia, an imbalance in the production of beta subunits of hemoglobin leads to the oxidation and deposition of excess alpha-globin chains at the cell membrane, resulting in the hemolysis of erythrocytes and a disorder of erythropoiesis. Antioxidants, such as curcumin, may promote ...
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Introduction: In beta-thalassemia, an imbalance in the production of beta subunits of hemoglobin leads to the oxidation and deposition of excess alpha-globin chains at the cell membrane, resulting in the hemolysis of erythrocytes and a disorder of erythropoiesis. Antioxidants, such as curcumin, may promote this progression. This study aims to investigate the antioxidant effect of curcumin on hemolysate samples from patients with beta-thalassemia.Materials and methods: Pure curcumin was extracted and purified for use in studying its effect on the visual light absorbance of hemoglobin in hemolysate samples from beta-thalassemia patients compared to control samples. Changes in light absorbance at 540 and 700 nm wavelengths during exposure to curcumin were analyzed to examine the shift from oxyhemoglobin to deoxyhemoglobin.Results: Curcumin was found to dissolve rapidly and to a high degree in ethanol at 1 mg/ml, but did not dissolve in distilled water at the same concentration. The curcumin addition to the hemolysate sample of a patient with beta-thalassemia resulted in a decrease in the light absorbance of the sample at 540 nm wavelength, with minimal changes observed in the control sample.Conclusion: Curcumin deoxygenated the hemolysate samples from both the patient and control, causing hemoglobin precipitation to occur slowly. The study suggests a greater potential role for curcumin in deoxygenating hemoglobin in the hemolysate samples of beta-thalassemia patients compared to those of the normal control.
Basic Medicine
Roohallah Yousefi
Abstract
Introduction: Voxelotor, also known as GBT 440, binds to the alpha cleft in HbS tetramers and promotes the stability of the relaxed or oxygenated state of HbS. This process hinders the conformational change of the HbS tetramers into the deoxygenated state. Voxelotor prevents interactions between HbS ...
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Introduction: Voxelotor, also known as GBT 440, binds to the alpha cleft in HbS tetramers and promotes the stability of the relaxed or oxygenated state of HbS. This process hinders the conformational change of the HbS tetramers into the deoxygenated state. Voxelotor prevents interactions between HbS tetramers in the deoxygenated state, ultimately inhibiting the polymerization of HbS tetramers and resulting in significant clinical improvements, particularly in raising hemoglobin levels in patients. In this study, we have explored the use of herbal compound models, such as rosmarinic acid and compounds with similar structures that exhibit high binding affinity to Voxelotor's hemoglobin binding site.Materials and methods: The molecular model of hemoglobin (PDB: 5E83) was initially obtained from the RCSB PDB database. In addition, we collected 453 ligand models with structural similarity to rosmarinic acid from the PubChem database. To prepare these models for molecular docking, we utilized the Molegro Virtual Docker tool. Subsequently, we used the SwissADME web tool to predict the physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics of these compounds. Results: We investigated the affinity and binding site of 453 compounds similar to rosmarinic acid on the hemoglobin model (PDB: 5E83). Our focus was on the alpha cleft between two alpha chains of the hemoglobin model (PDB: 5E83). The results showed that most compounds had molecular weights above 500 daltons, and some exhibited acceptable hydrophobicity. Furthermore, their solubility in aqueous solutions was good. None of the compounds were able to cross the blood-brain barrier or have gastrointestinal absorption. However, they did have varying inhibitory effects on CYP2C9 cytochromes. The skin penetration rate was generally low.
Conclusion: Through our study, we identified three compounds (CID: 162739375, CID: 141386569, and CID: 24015539) with promising potential for further research. These compounds demonstrated high binding affinity to the hemoglobin model, favorable dissolution and digestive absorption rates, as well as suitable hydrophobicity, making them ideal candidates for continued laboratory investigation
Basic Medicine
Jaya B Puri; AbdulBasit M.A. Shaikh; Umesh Pravin Dhuldhaj
Abstract
In the present study, we have collected the leucocephala seeds which are seasonal and having good amount of oil content. The oil seeds can be used as the one of the adulterant for the coffee. The whole plant having importance for human being, it could be as the food or furniture. The immature seeds, ...
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In the present study, we have collected the leucocephala seeds which are seasonal and having good amount of oil content. The oil seeds can be used as the one of the adulterant for the coffee. The whole plant having importance for human being, it could be as the food or furniture. The immature seeds, pods and flower buds are used as the salad while the gum obtained from this plant can be used for the confectionary, pharmaceutics, and cosmetics industry. In some of the region, it is considered as the recalcitrant and attracts rodents. The plant is well-known in traditional medicine and seeds are the rich source of several necessary metabolites such as proteins, tannins, carotene, leucenol, and flavonol glycosides and having therapeutic potential like anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activity. Hence, in our present investigation, we focus for the collection of seeds, and extraction of oil and its characterizations. The dried pods and seeds were collected from Waghi Village, near Nanded, Maharashtra. The obtained extract were further characterized for the confirmation of oil content by measuring lipid content, specific gravity, density, protein, and glucose content, and further analysis with thin layer chromatography. The obtained extract is also subjected to the anti-microbial activity.
Basic Medicine
Mohammad Irajian; Seyed Hamed Ghaffari
Abstract
Introduction: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) has garnered attention in previous research for its potential association with diabetes mellitus. It has been suggested that CTS may occur more frequently in individuals with diabetes, and this connection might be influenced by factors such as the duration of ...
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Introduction: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) has garnered attention in previous research for its potential association with diabetes mellitus. It has been suggested that CTS may occur more frequently in individuals with diabetes, and this connection might be influenced by factors such as the duration of diabetes, microvascular complications, and the level of glycaemic control. The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether Type 2 diabetes could be conclusively identified as a bona fide risk factor for the development of carpal tunnel syndrome, even after accounting for potential confounding variables.Material and Methods: This retrospective case-control study harnessed data sourced from electronic patient records at Tabriz university of medical scenes. We focused on patients who received a diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome within the timeframe spanning from January 2011 to July 2012. This cohort was then compared to a control group comprising patients diagnosed with herniated nucleus pulposus.Results: We observed that the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes was higher among patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, accounting for 11.5% of this group, compared to 7.2% in the control group (Odds Ratio 1.67, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 1.16 to 2.41). However, after conducting multivariate analyses while adjusting for gender, age, and body mass index, Type 2 diabetes did not emerge as a statistically significant, independent risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome (Odds Ratio 0.99, with a 95% CI spanning from 0.66 to 1.47).Conclusion: Although our study revealed a higher prevalence of Type 2 diabetes among individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome, this condition could not be unequivocally identified as an independent risk factor for the development of carpal tunnel syndrome when adjusting for potential confounding variables. These findings suggest that other factors may play a more prominent role in the onset of carpal tunnel syndrome, and further research is warranted to explore these associations in greater detail.
Basic Medicine
Merit Oluchi Ori; Francis-Dominic Makong Ekpan; Humphrey Sam Samuel; Odii Peter Egwuatu
Abstract
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of nanomedicine. AI’s large-scale data processing and pattern recognition capabilities can enhance the design of nanotechnologies for diagnosis and therapy. This integration can address challenges in ...
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The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of nanomedicine. AI’s large-scale data processing and pattern recognition capabilities can enhance the design of nanotechnologies for diagnosis and therapy. This integration can address challenges in fabrication and targeted drug delivery for cancer therapy. AI’s rapid data mining and decision-making capabilities can lead to more innovative solutions. The convergence of biology, AI, and nanotechnology is fostering a scientific and technological revolution. Recent studies show that AI can improve the design of nanotechnologies for diagnostics and treatment by processing large datasets and recognizing complex patterns. AI is also used in nanomedicine design to optimize material properties based on interactions with target medications, biological fluids, immune systems, and cell membranes.
Basic Medicine
Mehrdad Zamani Esfahlani; Mohammad Irajian
Abstract
Introduction: The available literature offers valuable insights into various aspects of osteomyelitis and its management, but a dedicated investigation into its impact on mortality within the specific context of ICU admissions is warranted. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap, shedding light on ...
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Introduction: The available literature offers valuable insights into various aspects of osteomyelitis and its management, but a dedicated investigation into its impact on mortality within the specific context of ICU admissions is warranted. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap, shedding light on the critical interplay between long bone osteomyelitis and mortality in ICU patients and providing valuable data that can inform clinical practice, guide treatment strategies, and improve patient care and outcomes.Material and Methods: Identification of eligible patients using electronic medical records. Data collection, including demographic information, comorbidities, ICU admission details, microbiological findings, and mortality outcomes. Comparison of the osteomyelitis group and control group with respect to mortality rates during their ICU stay. Subgroup analysis within the osteomyelitis group to explore factors associated with increased mortality.Results: Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to assess the independent association between osteomyelitis and ICU mortality while controlling for potential confounding factors. After adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities, the odds ratio (OR) for ICU mortality in patients with osteomyelitis was 2.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 3.89). Notably, this analysis did not reveal a statistically significant association between osteomyelitis and ICU mortality (p =0.125).Conclusion: Our study demonstrates a significant association between osteomyelitis of long bones and increased mortality in patients admitted to the ICU. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for osteomyelitis in critically ill patients, especially those with risk factors.
Basic Medicine
Arash vojood
Abstract
Understanding the beginning of life on planet Earth has always been a captivating and scientifically very important and dynamic topic. The purpose of this study is to provide a concise review of some issuesrelated to the origin of life (OoL) on early Earth and stimulate further research into this important ...
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Understanding the beginning of life on planet Earth has always been a captivating and scientifically very important and dynamic topic. The purpose of this study is to provide a concise review of some issuesrelated to the origin of life (OoL) on early Earth and stimulate further research into this important area of science. This brief review highlights the significance of the primordial soup as a nutrient-rich chemical mix in Earth's early oceans, and the Stanley Miller and Harold Urey experiment. Furthermore, it provides a brief description of the fundamental building blocks of life, such as lipids, nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)), proteins, and the role of entropy in chemical evolution. The results indicated that our understanding of the OoL continues to advance through interdisciplinary research and innovative experiments. As scientists delve deeper into the origins of life, we can anticipate further breakthroughs that will deepen our understanding of our own existence and the possibilities of life beyond Earth.
Basic Medicine
Mohammad Irajian; Mehrdad Zamani Esfahlani
Abstract
Introduction: As we navigate the intricate terrain of lower limb amputation etiology, this article seeks to provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals, researchers, policymakers, and anyone interested in the complexities of this critical healthcare issue. By unraveling the multifaceted factors ...
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Introduction: As we navigate the intricate terrain of lower limb amputation etiology, this article seeks to provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals, researchers, policymakers, and anyone interested in the complexities of this critical healthcare issue. By unraveling the multifaceted factors contributing to lower limb amputations, we aim to contribute to the development of more effective prevention strategies, improved treatment approaches, and enhanced support systems for individuals living with limb loss.Materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a single-center and involved patients referred to our orthopaedic department for lower extremity amputation (LEA) during the period spanning January 2007 to December 2019 in East Azarbaijan Hospitals. Data collected included the year of amputation, patient age, gender, level of amputation, and the underlying cause for the amputation.Results: The study encompassed a total of 114 lower extremity amputations, with major amputations accounting for 60.5% of the cases. Notably, the incidence of major amputations exhibited an upward trajectory over the study period, with an annual increase of 0.6 amputations per year. Male patients were significantly more prone to LEA than their female counterparts.Conclusion: Within the patient population of our orthopaedic institution, the etiology of lower extremity amputations demonstrates a multifaceted nature that sets it apart from trends observed in other surgical specialties. Notably, the incidence of major amputations has shown a consistent upward trend over recent years.
Basic Medicine
Jaya B Puri; Abdulbasit Mustakahmad Shaikh; Umesh Pravin Dhuldhaj
Abstract
Since ancient times, Ajwain is one of the popular ayurvedic medicines in the treatment of indigestion, dyspepsia, and gastric disorders. Phytochemical constituents of Ajwain, are day by day getting more attention as medicine because of their efficiency and safer, and also comes with very less side effects. ...
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Since ancient times, Ajwain is one of the popular ayurvedic medicines in the treatment of indigestion, dyspepsia, and gastric disorders. Phytochemical constituents of Ajwain, are day by day getting more attention as medicine because of their efficiency and safer, and also comes with very less side effects. The natural compounds obtained from this ethno-botanical plants are received much more attention in last decades.The present investigation is focus on the phytochemical analysis of Ajwain seeds which is commonly used as one of the important ingredients of Indian mouth fresheners. The crude extract of Ajwain seeds were obtained through soxhletion in chloroform and water. The presence of secondary metabolites in the Ajwain seeds was done by qualitative and quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis of crude aqueous extract of Ajwain seeds shown the presence of Cardiac glycosides, as one of the very important cardiac drug used in the heart treatments.
Basic Medicine
Seyed Hamed Ghaffari; Mohammad Irajian
Abstract
Introduction: As we delve deeper into the intricate world of scaphoid non-unions and bone grafting, we embark on a journey of scientific inquiry and surgical innovation, aiming to shed light on the most effective strategies to restore function, alleviate pain, and enhance the quality of life for patients ...
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Introduction: As we delve deeper into the intricate world of scaphoid non-unions and bone grafting, we embark on a journey of scientific inquiry and surgical innovation, aiming to shed light on the most effective strategies to restore function, alleviate pain, and enhance the quality of life for patients grappling with this challenging condition. Join us on this intellectual voyage as we unravel the mysteries surrounding the treatment of scaphoid non-unions and the critical role that bone grafts, with or without a vascular base, play in this intricate puzzle of orthopedic care.Material and Methods: We initiated a prospective randomized study with the aim of comparing clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes among 80 patients subjected to treatment for scaphoid nonunion using vascularized bone grafts harvested from the dorsal and distal aspects of the radius (designated as group I). This was juxtaposed with the treatment of 40 patients who received conventional non-vascularized bone grafts harvested from the distal radius (group II).Results: During surgical intervention, we encountered 30 cases of sclerotic, inadequately vascularized scaphoids in group I, in contrast to 20 cases in group II. The results of our study unveiled a striking discrepancy in bone fusion rates, with 89.1% of patients in group I achieving successful fusion compared to 72.5% in group II (p = 0.024).Conclusion: In summary, our findings strongly support the utilization of vascularized bone grafts, especially in cases involving sclerotic and poorly vascularized proximal poles in patients with scaphoid nonunion. This approach not only yields superior results but also proves to be more efficient in promoting bone fusion and enhancing functional outcomes.
Basic Medicine
Parmiss Adyani Kalvanagh; Yousef Adyani Kalvanagh
Abstract
Introduction: This research investigates the relationship between A/T251 polymorphism of IL-8 gene (as a genetic marker) with cancer recurrence after lumpectomy and instead of PCR-RFLP method which most common and expensive method for detecting polymorphisms is the more economical technique of PCR Tetra ...
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Introduction: This research investigates the relationship between A/T251 polymorphism of IL-8 gene (as a genetic marker) with cancer recurrence after lumpectomy and instead of PCR-RFLP method which most common and expensive method for detecting polymorphisms is the more economical technique of PCR Tetra Arms.Methodology: After DNA extraction, a nano drop device was used to evaluate the quantity and quality of DNA and to know its concentration and degree of purity. 1 microliter of the extracted DNA was placed in the device and its optical absorption was read at different wavelengths. For the correct performance of the method and in order to determine the sequence and confirm the PCR product, several samples of dominant homozygotes, recessive homozygotes and heterozygotes were selected and purified by Cena clone kit.Results: Heterozygous individuals were identified with bp169 and bp228 long fragments along with bp439 control band. If mutant homozygous individuals with A allele showed bp 228 fragment and wild homozygous individuals with T allele showed bp 169 fragment on 2% electrophoresis gel.Conclusion: Several cytokines, including IL-8, play an important role in causing laminogenic inflammation in tissue and as a result, causing and aggravating cancers. These studies have studied the role of IL-8 gene polymorphisms and its relationship with types of cancer in different populations. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the 251 A/T polymorphism of the IL-8 gene in the population of Iranian women with breast cancer and the results of this study showed.
Basic Medicine
Ronak Rahimiyan
Abstract
Network methods are one of the most widely used groundwater modeling tools that have become widespread and popular in the last two decades. On the other hand, advances in the computing power of computers and their ease of access have led to the rapid development of numerical methods for solving groundwater ...
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Network methods are one of the most widely used groundwater modeling tools that have become widespread and popular in the last two decades. On the other hand, advances in the computing power of computers and their ease of access have led to the rapid development of numerical methods for solving groundwater problems. In this study, with a new approach to network methods, these methods are introduced as a numerical model to simulate the movement of groundwater. The first step in estimating groundwater behavior is to obtain a mathematical model. According to Darcy's law and the establishment of mass conservation, it can be shown that the equation governing groundwater in stable conditions is the Laplace equation. Therefore, by obtaining the physical properties of the desired aquifer using the experiment and understanding the boundary conditions governing that aquifer, a complete mathematical model governing the desired problem can be obtained. Unfortunately, since the physical properties of the problems in nature are not homogeneous and the boundaries of the problems under study are geometrically irregular, it is impossible to solve these problems analytically. To do so, researchers have been using numerical and laboratory methods for years. All numerical methods for solving the Laplace equation first decompose the scope of the problem in the sense that they either divide it into multiple nodes or into multiple elements and then use mathematical methods. In this article, a new approach is to find algebraic relations between those different nodes or elements. In other words, after parsing the scope of the problem, they turn the Laplace equation into a system of linear equations.
Basic Medicine
Parmiss Adyani Kalvanagh; Yousef Adyani Kalvanagh
Abstract
Introduction: According to researchers' research on the relationship between breast cancer and diabetes in the presence of other genes such as INSR, the aim of this study was comparing exons 2 and 3 of the DIRAS3 gene in mastectomies and lumpectomies women.Procedure: DNA extraction was done using a kit ...
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Introduction: According to researchers' research on the relationship between breast cancer and diabetes in the presence of other genes such as INSR, the aim of this study was comparing exons 2 and 3 of the DIRAS3 gene in mastectomies and lumpectomies women.Procedure: DNA extraction was done using a kit (PZP Molecular IVD Company) and stored in a micro tube at -20C. The said kit contained four different buffers named Wash buffer (W), Binding buffer (B), Elution buffer (E) and Removal buffer (R) along with proteinase k powder.Results: The polymorphism found in intron 2 with rs6682360 at position c.332-3 T>C or g.831 T>C of a cancer patient sample, that is, 3 nucleotides upstream of the 332nd nucleotide in intron 2 or the 831st nucleotide in intron 2 which is T open to C open. Since the number of measured samples was small, no significant relationship was found between the development of breast cancer and diabetes and the presence of this polymorphism.Conclusion: The results of this research showed that among the available polymorphisms, only the 5'UTR c.331 G>A is related to breast cancer in mastectomies and lumpectomies women.
Basic Medicine
Fariborz Rousta; Abdolreza Mehdinavaz Aghdam
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to both evaluate and compare the psychological status of the patients undergone the breast conservation surgery in comparison with those patients who have undergone mastectomy. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 220 patients after ...
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The purpose of this study is to both evaluate and compare the psychological status of the patients undergone the breast conservation surgery in comparison with those patients who have undergone mastectomy. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 220 patients after breast surgery (two groups of the modified radical mastectomy (i.e., the first group) including 140 people and the breast conservation surgery group (i.e., the second group)) in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences to compare their psychological status. They were assessed using SCL-90-R 1 and the Zong Depression Self-Assessment Scale or 2 (ZDS) and compared, as well. In the case of ZDS results, the results are similar to the SCL-90-R. Thus, immediately after surgery and at discharge time from the hospital, depression scores were not significantly different between both groups. However, in the evaluation after 6 months, the group with breast protection surgery was significantly different from the mastectomy group and its depression scores were lower, while the decrease in the scores of this group was significant compared with the mastectomy group during six months. To sum up, the results of the present study suggest that the psychological benefits of breast maintenance surgery in the early stages of treatment are due to the patient’s stress and anxiety about choosing a treatment that is not at least currently the gold standard one for breast cancer.
Basic Medicine
Abdolreza Mehdinavaz Aghdam; Fariborz Rousta
Abstract
Introduction: Due to the different results of different studies by researchers in different countries and the minimal research done in Iran, the need for this research was felt, and we decided to study this issue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying diseases. The thyroid is a ...
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Introduction: Due to the different results of different studies by researchers in different countries and the minimal research done in Iran, the need for this research was felt, and we decided to study this issue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying diseases. The thyroid is a candidate for thyroidectomy in people with PTC. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed with the participation of 99 patients undergoing thyroidectomy from 2010 to 2020 at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Patients' pathology results were evaluated, and comorbidities were extracted for each patient. Results: Follicular variant includes 5 cases and classic variant. All 5 follicular variants were women. In the studied samples, 35 cases were associated with lymphatic involvement and 64 cases were without lymphatic involvement. In the studied samples, 50 cases had Hashimoto's underlying disease, and 49 cases had multinodular goiter underlying disease.Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of Hashimoto's underlying disease in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, which has been proven in this study and other studies, as well as the higher prevalence of lymphatic involvement in the cases associated with these two diseases in this study.
Basic Medicine
Seyed Reza Mousavi; Keyvan Eghbal; Navid Kalani; Ali Kazeminezhad
Abstract
Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common disease in neurospine surgery. Conservative treatment is effective in 80-90% of patients, and a small percentage (10-20%) need an operation. Lumbar discectomy is the most prevalent and easy surgery; however, it may cause serious catastrophic complications. To ...
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Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common disease in neurospine surgery. Conservative treatment is effective in 80-90% of patients, and a small percentage (10-20%) need an operation. Lumbar discectomy is the most prevalent and easy surgery; however, it may cause serious catastrophic complications. To avoid complications and treat the LDH, some pearls constitute an important guide. These pearls include correct patient selection, the timing of the operation, correct correlation between patients signs and symptoms and level of LDH, right side of the disc, correct imaging study, underlying instability, nondiscogenic sciatica, the correct location of disc, surgical method, differentiating hip pathology, good positioning technique, anesthesia care and pearls, upper versus lower LDH, and incidental dural tear.
Basic Medicine
Sara Rozmina; Ahmad Bagheri Moghaddam; Sayyed Majid Sadrzadeh; Vida Vakili; Hamid Zamani Moghaddam; Morteza Talebi Doluee
Abstract
Background and Aim: Patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) have high morbidity and mortality. Some evidence suggests that aspiration of the colonized oropharyngeal and gastric contents can be a risk factor for the incidence of VAP in patients undergoing endotracheal intubation. In this study, ...
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Background and Aim: Patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) have high morbidity and mortality. Some evidence suggests that aspiration of the colonized oropharyngeal and gastric contents can be a risk factor for the incidence of VAP in patients undergoing endotracheal intubation. In this study, we sought to compare the effects of ranitidine and pantoprazole on VAP incidence.Subjects and Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial, 180 patients undergoing endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were assigned to two groups based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Prophylaxis with pantoprazole and ranitidine was administered for the two groups (n=90 each), and then the patients were followed up for the detection of VAP and clinical signs of pneumonia. Finally, the patients’ demographic and clinical data were analyzed in SPSS, version 18.Results: Of the 180 patients enrolled in the study, 36 (20%) patients were diagnosed with VAP, 19 (52.7%) of whom belonged to the Ranitidine group, and 17 (47.2%) pertained to the Pantoprazole group (P=0.1). The daily risk for VAP in the two groups and each group separately was 1.7%.Conclusion: Pantoprazole and ranitidine have similar effects on the incidence of pneumonia caused by endotracheal intubation. However, further studies are recommended due to the lack of convincing evidence.
Basic Medicine
Solmaz Fakhari; Eissa Bilehjani
Abstract
Introduction: Cesarean section is one of the most common surgeries in gynecology, after which pain leads to many complications. This study aimed at comparing the effects of propofol and ketamine on postoperative complications under spinal anesthesia.Material and Methods: In this study, to compare the ...
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Introduction: Cesarean section is one of the most common surgeries in gynecology, after which pain leads to many complications. This study aimed at comparing the effects of propofol and ketamine on postoperative complications under spinal anesthesia.Material and Methods: In this study, to compare the effect of propofol and ketamine on pain, chills and nausea, and vomiting after cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, 111 patients who were candidates for elective cesarean section were compared in terms of side effects of propofol and ketamine.Results: The rest of the pain intensity in the ketofol and ketamine groups was significantly lower in the other groups (p <0.05). Also, the rate of drug use in the ketofol and ketamine groups was significantly lower compared with the other groups (p <0.05).Conclusion: The combination of ketamine + propofol (ketofol) can control the complications after spinal anesthesia in elective cesarean section.
Basic Medicine
Gholam Reza Goodarzi
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to design a model of key success factors in Taekwondo sport with emphasis on the dimensions of continuous support. The research method was a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods that according to the qualitative method of data collection in the first stage; ...
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The purpose of this paper was to design a model of key success factors in Taekwondo sport with emphasis on the dimensions of continuous support. The research method was a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods that according to the qualitative method of data collection in the first stage; And its validation in the next stage was of the exploratory mixed type. The statistical population of the study was all executive and academic level experts. The sampling method in the qualitative part was initially purposeful and judgmental and then in order to collect information, the snowball sampling method was used. In this study, theoretical saturation was achieved by interviewing 21 of the samples. The data collection tool was in the first stage of the interview and after coding and identifying the themes and indicators, a questionnaire was developed and used to design and validate the model. Data analysis was performed qualitatively using thematic analysis and quantitatively using Demetel technique. The results of content analysis showed that the key factors of success in Taekwondo sport with emphasis on the dimensions of continuous support include four sections: implementation of support programs, grounding in education, supply of hardware, optimization Is nutrition. The results of Demetel analysis showed the appropriate fit of the research model. Also, the quantitative results of the research showed that the identified factors from the perspective of experts for the development of Taekwondo are in a favorable condition. According to the research results, emphasis on continuous support for the development.
Basic Medicine
Atefeh Saedi; Saeed Saedi; Mohammad Mehdi Ghaemi; Maryam Milani Fard
Abstract
At the end of 2019, several cases of pneumonia of unknown cause appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, which quickly spread to other provinces. China In the early stages, it was reported that most patients had a history of contact with Huan seafood. Patients were more likely to have a fever and cough ...
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At the end of 2019, several cases of pneumonia of unknown cause appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, which quickly spread to other provinces. China In the early stages, it was reported that most patients had a history of contact with Huan seafood. Patients were more likely to have a fever and cough symptoms. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 was very rapid. WHO has declared its prevalence as a public health emergency of international concern. On February 11, 2020, the International Committee for the Classification of Viruses renamed the virus "Acute Respiratory Syndrome of Coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2) and WHO SARS-CoV-2 Disease as Coronavirus 2019" (Covid-19 ) Declared an epidemic. The present study is a PICO review study that Epidemiological study of Covid-19 and risk factors. The browsing documents searched in the Google Scholar, Sid and Mag Iran databases were analyzed using the keywords epidemic, covid-19, risk factors. The COVID-19 epidemic has spread very rapidly to several countries, including European countries, Asian countries, the United States, and so on. Most countries, especially developing countries, expanded.
Basic Medicine
Saeed Saedi; Atefeh Saedi; Mohammad Mehdi Ghaemi; Maryam Milani Fard
Abstract
Breast cancer is defined as changes in the uncontrolled growth of cells in breast tissue that occur abnormally in the mammary glands (lobules) or in the ducts that connect the lobules to the nipple. The present study is an epidemiological study of breast cancer in Iran. The browsing documents searched ...
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Breast cancer is defined as changes in the uncontrolled growth of cells in breast tissue that occur abnormally in the mammary glands (lobules) or in the ducts that connect the lobules to the nipple. The present study is an epidemiological study of breast cancer in Iran. The browsing documents searched in the Google Scholar, Sid and Mag Iran databases were analyzed using the keywords epidemic, cancer, breast. Based on the results obtained in this study, the incidence and death rate and burden of breast cancer in Iran has risen significantly, compared with previous years. Because of the vital role of women in the family, economy, health, development and other areas, early detection of breast cancer and its prevention according to its high prevalence around the world, as one of the best approaches to control this disease, is important.
Basic Medicine
Anita Amini; Hamidreza Shahpoori Arani; Maryam Milani Fard
Abstract
Aim: This study was conducted in order to systematically collect existing articles and describe and analyze the different fields of medical tourism including the definitions of medical tourisms, motivations of medical tourists, marketing in medical tourism, and ethical issues in medical tourism and its ...
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Aim: This study was conducted in order to systematically collect existing articles and describe and analyze the different fields of medical tourism including the definitions of medical tourisms, motivations of medical tourists, marketing in medical tourism, and ethical issues in medical tourism and its impact on the health system.Methods: The current systematic review followed the principles of the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews” guideline. all manuscripts related to medical tourism were deeply searched by the two reviewers using the related keywords including “health tourism”, “medical tourism terms”, “stem-cell tourism”, “dental tourism”, “reproductive tourism” and “transplant tourism” in the international manuscript databases such as Web of knowledge, PubMed, Emerald, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. Results: The findings show the same definition of medical tourism in various articles and motivations of medical tourists. However, there is a wide range of principles related to medical tourism in terms of benefits and its consequences in studies, so that most studies in developing countries reflect the benefits of medical tourism and most studies in advanced countries reflect the consequences of medical tourism. Conclusion: The subject of medical tourism is different according to the policies and programs of each country, and conducting accurate and comprehensive research in the country in order to clarify the reality of the issue is necessary.
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