Chemistry
Chinedu Innocent Okoye; Obiamaka Doris Oboli
Abstract
Separation of asphaltenes into multiple sub-fractions is performed using different fractionation techniques which are investigated in this study. The method chosen depends on the parameter of interest such as solubility, molecular weight difference, polarity, etc. For this write-up, the methods reviewed ...
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Separation of asphaltenes into multiple sub-fractions is performed using different fractionation techniques which are investigated in this study. The method chosen depends on the parameter of interest such as solubility, molecular weight difference, polarity, etc. For this write-up, the methods reviewed include sequential elution fractionation, solvent extraction, sequential extraction, column chromatography, sequential precipitation, supercritical fluid extraction, etc.The yield and the quality of the fraction are the two important subjects for choosing the separation procedure. For example, the yield is influenced using different hydrocarbon liquids as a significant factor. In addition, the method of choice will determine the presence of co-precipitated resins or not. The advantages of some of the methods were highlighted as well as the future prospects and application of asphaltene.
Chemistry
Blessing Ifeyinwa Tabugbo; Rilwan Usman; Mikaila Abdullahi; Jackso Karniliyus
Abstract
In Nasarawa State, groundwater is the most often used source of fresh water for daily consumption, but its quality still remains a serious concern due to rising concentrations of radon resulting from activities of mining. This study evaluated the potential pose resulting from radon exposure via groundwater ...
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In Nasarawa State, groundwater is the most often used source of fresh water for daily consumption, but its quality still remains a serious concern due to rising concentrations of radon resulting from activities of mining. This study evaluated the potential pose resulting from radon exposure via groundwater ingestion and inhalation in Keffi, Nigeria using the liquid scintillation detector. Ten borehole samples of groundwater were collected. The mean content of radon from water samples of Keffi was 19.368 Bq/l. the average ingested and inhaled dose effectiveness annually was 0.099 mSv/y and 4.9 x10-5 mSv/y, respectively. In Keffi, the average ingested extra lifetime cancer risk was 3.5 x10-4 and for inhalation was 1.71 x10-7. Research area's average radon concentration was higher than the standard of 11.1 Bq/l set by the SON and USEPA. Based on the findings of the present work, the radon concentration is unacceptable, hence, inhabitants should be restricted from using the water until measures are put into place. However further analysis could be carried out in the area to prevent people from cancer risk. To cover the entire zone, additional research should be conducted covering additional sources in the study area. As concentrations of radon in water sources varies with time as a result of dilution by rainfall, more examination may be conducted in dry and raining periods.
Chemistry
Aliyu Benson; Ayodele Akinterinwa; Charles Milam; Abdulazeez M. Hammed
Abstract
Evaluation of natural resources via chemical profiling is a prerequisite to mining and material sourcing, which are important activities in positioning an economy for the future. This study explores the untapped rocks located within the Bakin Dutse hills in Adamawa State, northeastern Nigeria. The minerals ...
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Evaluation of natural resources via chemical profiling is a prerequisite to mining and material sourcing, which are important activities in positioning an economy for the future. This study explores the untapped rocks located within the Bakin Dutse hills in Adamawa State, northeastern Nigeria. The minerals and elemental compositions of the rock samples were determined using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instruments respectively. Results of the mineral composition of the rock samples showed (in order of abundance) the presence of quartz, albite, annite, and microcline, as well as orthoclase, phlogopite, oligoclase, chrysotile, and cordierite which were sparsely found in the study area. The abundant presence of silicate and aluminum silicate minerals in the study area was also shown in the major elemental composition of the rock samples, which follow the order SiO2 (55.76 – 63.81%) > Al2O3 (11.06 - 13.15%) > Fe2O3 (8.41 – 11.2%) > K2O (6.12 – 7.75%) > CaO (2.29 – 6.37%) > Na2O (2.4%) > MgO (0.09 -2.2%) > SO3 (0.37 – 1.05%). The minor elements in the rocks include PbO, TiO2, BaO, CuO, ZnO, P2O5, ZrO2, Rb2O, MnO, and Cl. The mineral and elemental compositions of the soil in the study area show similarities that link the origin of the soil to the weathering of the rocks. The geo-chemical data provided in this study will make an important contribution to both the literature and the database for future mining prospects in the study area.
