h-index: 7     i10-index: 5

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Medical Genetics Research Center, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

2 Shirvan Center of Higher Health education, Imam Khomeini Hospital, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran

3 MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medical Informatics, Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Heaith, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

4 Researcher at the Anesthesia and Pain, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

At the end of 2019, several cases of pneumonia of unknown cause appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, which quickly spread to other provinces. China In the early stages, it was reported that most patients had a history of contact with Huan seafood. Patients were more likely to have a fever and cough symptoms. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 was very rapid. WHO has declared its prevalence as a public health emergency of international concern. On February 11, 2020, the International Committee for the Classification of Viruses renamed the virus "Acute Respiratory Syndrome of Coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2) and WHO SARS-CoV-2 Disease as Coronavirus 2019" (Covid-19 ) Declared an epidemic. The present study is a PICO review study that Epidemiological study of Covid-19 and risk factors. The browsing documents searched in the Google Scholar, Sid and Mag Iran databases were analyzed using the keywords epidemic, covid-19, risk factors. The COVID-19 epidemic has spread very rapidly to several countries, including European countries, Asian countries, the United States, and so on. Most countries, especially developing countries, expanded.

Graphical Abstract

A Review of Epidemiological Study of Covid-19 and Risk Factors

Keywords

Main Subjects

 

OPEN ACCESS

©2024 The author(s). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

PUBLISHER NOTE

Sami Publishing Company remains neutral concerning jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

CURRENT PUBLISHER

Sami Publishing Company

[1]  C. Huang, Y. Wang, X. Li, L. Ren, J. Zhao, Y. Hu, L. Zhang, G. Fan, J. Xu, X. Gu, Z. Cheng, Lancet., 2020, 395, 497–506. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[2]  N. Chen, M. Zhou, X. Dong, J. Qu, F. Gong, Y. Han, Y. Qiu, J. Wang, Y. Liu, Y. Wei, T. Yu, Lancet., 2020, 395, 507–513. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[3]  D. Wang, B. Hu, C. Hu, F. Zhu, X. Liu, J. Zhang, B. Wang, H. Xiang, Z. Cheng, Y. Xiong, Y. Zhao, JAMA, 2020. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[4]  J. Zarocostas, Lancet., 2020, 395, 401. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[5]  M. Wang, R. Cao, L. Zhang, X. Yang, J. Liu, M. Xu, Z. Shi, Z. Hu, W. Zhong, G. Xiao, Cell Res., 2020 Feb 4. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[6]  M. Mokhtare, R. Alimoradzadeh, S. Agah, H. Mirmiranpour, N. Khodabandehloo,, Middle East journal of digestive diseases, 2017, 9, 228. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[7]  R. Alimoradzadeh, H. Mirmiranpour, P. Hashemi, S. Pezeshki, S.S. Salehi, Journal of Neurology & Neurophysiology, 2019, 10, 1-5. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[8]  M. Zbuzant, Journal of Engineering in Industrial Research, 2020, 1, 75-81. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[9]  M.M. Fard, A.M.M. Fard, Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2021, 1, 365-383. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[10]       S. Su, G. Wong, W. Shi, J. Liu, A.C.K. Lai, J. Zhou, W. Liu, Y. Bi, G.F. Gao, Trends Microbiol., 2016, 24, 490-502. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[11]       M.M. Fard, A.M.M. Fard, Eurasian Journal of Science and Technology, 2021, 1, 271-283. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[12]       A. Haghighi Asl, A. Ahmadpour, N. Fallah, Applied Chemistry, 2017, 12, 253-286. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
 [13]       C.I. Paules, H.D. Marston, A.S. Fauci, JAMA, 2020, 323, 707-708. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[14]       Z.A. Memish, J.A. Al-Tawfiq, A. Assiri, F.A. AlRabiah, S. Al Hajjar, A. Albarrak, H. Flemban, R.F. Alhakeem, H.Q. Makhdoom, S. Alsubaie, A.A. Al-Rabeeah, The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2014, 33, 904-6. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[15]       S. Zarinabadi, A. Samimi, Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2016, 8, 1160-1172. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[16]       M. Bagheri Sadr, A. Bozorgian, Journal of Chemical Reviews, 2021, 3, 66-82. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[17]       M. Bagheri Sadr, A. Bozorgian, Journal of Chemical Reviews, 2021, 3, 66-82. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[18]       M.L. Holshue, C. DeBolt, S. Lindquist, K.H. Lofy, J. Wiesman, H. Bruce, C. Spitters, K. Ericson, S. Wilkerson, A. Tural, G. Diaz, N. Engl. J. Med., 2020, 382, 929-936. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[19]       W.A. Pongpirul, K. Pongpirul, A.C. Ratnarathon, N. Engl. J. Med., 2020, 382, 1067-1068. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[20]       K. Bajema, A.M. Oster, O.L. McGovern, S. Lindstrom, M.R. Stenger, T.C. Anderson, Isenhour C, K.R. Clarke, M.E. Evans, V.T. Chu, HM. Biggs, MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 2020, 69, 166-170. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[21]       Y.C. Liu, C.H. Lio, C.F. Chang, C.C. Chou, Y.R. Lin, N. Engl. J. Med., 2020, 382, 1070-1072. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[22]       S.A. Lauer, K.H. Grantz, Q. Bi, F.K. Jones, Q. Zheng, H.R. Meredith, A.S. Azman, N.G. Reich, J. Lessler, Ann. Intern. Med., 2020. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[23]       A. Patel, D.B. Jernigan, MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 2020, 69, 140-146. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[24]       S. Kunling, Y. Yonghong, W. Tianyou, Z. Dongchi, J. Yi, J. Runming, Z. Yuejie, X. Baoping, X. Zhengde, L. Likai, S. Yunxiao, World J. Pediatr., 2020, 16, 223-231. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[25]       L.J. Stockman, M.S. Massoudi, R. Helfand, D. Erdman, A.M. Siwek, L.J. Anderson, U.D. Parashar, Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 2007, 26, 68-74. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[26]       W. Xia, J. Shao, Y. Guo, X. Peng, Z. Li, D. Hu, Pediatric pulmonology, 2020, 55, 1169-1174. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[27]       M. Ki, Epidemiology and health, 2020, 42, e2020007. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[28]       S. Zhang, M.Y. Diao, W. Yu, L. Pei, Z. Lin, D. Chen, Int. J. Infect. Dis., 2020, 93, 201-204. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[29]       J.S. Mackenzie, D.W. Smith, Microbiol. Aust., 2020, 41, 45-50. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[30]       X.W. Xu, X.X. Wu, X.G. Jiang, K.J. Xu, L.J. Ying, C.L. Ma, S.B. Li, H.Y. Wang, S. Zhang, H.N. Gao, J.F. Sheng, BMJ, 2020, 368. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[31]       R. Lu, X. Zhao, J. Li, P. Niu, B. Yang, H. Wu, W. Wang, H. Song, B. Huang, N. Zhu, Y. Bi, Lancet., 2020, 395, 565-574. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[32]       P. Wu, X. Hao, E.H. Lau, J.Y. Wong, K.S. Leung, J.T. Wu, B.J. Cowling, G.M. Leung, Eurosurveillance, 2020, 25, 2000044. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[33]       F.X. Lescure, L. Bouadma, D. Nguyen, M. Parisey, P.H. Wickey, S. Behillil, A. Gaymard, M. Bouscambert-Duchamp, F. Donati, Q. Le Hingrat, V. Enouf, Lancet., 2020, 20, 697-706. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[34]       A. Remuzzi, G. Remuzzi, Lancet., 2020, 395, 1225-1228. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[35]       M. Day, BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online), 2020, 368, m1165. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[36]       S. Lakshmi Priyadarsini, M. Suresh, International Journal of Healthcare Management, 2020, 13, 89-98. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[37]       K. Shen, Y. Yang, T. Wang, D. Zhao, Y. Jiang, R. Jin, Y. Zheng, B. Xu, Z. Xie, L. Lin, Y. Shang, World J. Pediatrician, 2020, 16, 223-231. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[38]       A. Amini, H. Shahpoori Arani, M. Milani Fard, Eurasian Journal of Science and Technology, 2021, 1, 421-424. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[39]       A.M.M. Fard, M.M. Fard, Eurasian Journal of Science and Technology, 2021, 1, 384-398. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[40]       A. Samimi, International Science and Investigation journal, 2014, 3, 57-64. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[41]       A. Samimi, Journal of Engineering in Industrial Research, 2021, 2, 71-76. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[42]       A. Susanabadi, M.S. Sadri, H. Taleby, S. Etemadi, B. Mahmoodiyeh, M.M. Fard, Annals of the Roma-nian Society for Cell Biology, 2021, 25, 2703-2716. [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[43]       A. Susanabadi, S. Etemadi, M.S. Sadri, B. Mahmoodiyeh, H. Taleby, M.M. Fard, Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 2021, 25, 2875–2887. [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[44]       A. Yarahmadi, K. Kamrava, A. Shafee, M.M. Fard, M. Aghajanpour, A. Mohebbi, Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2020, 31, 1-6. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[45]       A. Bozorgian, S. Zarinabadi, A. Samimi, Journal of Chemical Reviews, 2020, 2, 122-129. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[46]       A.M.M. Fard, M.M. Fard, Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2021, 1, 284-301. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[47]       A.M.M. Fard, M.M. Fard, Eurasian Journal of Science and Technology, 2021, 1, 384-398. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[48]       A.M.M. Fard, M.M. Fard, Eurasian Journal of Science and Technology, 2021, 1, 284-301. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[49]       A.O. Shirazi, H. Jahandideh, A. Yarahmadi, M.M. Fard, M.M. Delarestaghi, Medical Science, 2020, 24, 2467-2474 [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[50]       B. Mahmoodiyeh, S. Etemadi, A. Kamali, S. Rajabi, M.M. Fard, Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 2021, 25, 2559–2572. [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[51]       Barmasi, Journal of Engineering in Industrial Research, 2020, 1, 161-169. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[52]       A. Bozorgian, Journal of Engineering in Industrial Research, 2020, 1, 1-18. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[53]       E.S. Motaharian, B. Mahmoodiyeh, S. Lorestani, M.S. Sadri, M.M. Fard, A.M.M. Fard, A. Amini, Journal of Chemical Reviews, 2021, 3, 171-180. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[54]       E.A. Mahdiraji, M. Sedghi Amiri, Journal of Engineering in Industrial Research, 2020, 1, 111-122. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[55]       A. Bozorgian, A. Samimi, International Journal of New Chemistry, 2021, 8, 41-58. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[56]       F. Zabihi, M.A. Abbasi, R. Alimoradzadeh, Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 2021, 25, 2573–2579. [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[57]       F. Gharekhani Kasa, Journal of Engineering in Industrial Research, 2020, 1, 51-74. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[58]       F. Rebout, Journal of Engineering in Industrial Research, 2020, 1, 19-37. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[59]       F. Zare Kazemabadi, A. Heydarinasab, A. Akbarzadeh, M. Ardjmand, Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology, 2019, 47, 3222-3230. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[60] S.V. Mousavi, A. Bozorgian, N. Mokhtari, M.A. Gabris, H.R. Nodeh, Microchemical Journal, 2019, 145, 914-920. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[61] A. Bozorgian, Advanced Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Natural Products and Medical Chemistry, 2021, 3, 54-61. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[62]       S.M.S. Mirnezami, F. Zare Kazemabadi, A. Heydarinasab, Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research, 2021, 4, 191-206. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[63]       A. Bozorgian, Chemical Review and Letters, 2020, 3, 79-85. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[64]       M.M. Fard, A. Amini, M. Shafie Aghol, Eurasian Journal of Science and Technology, 2021, 1, 399-411. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[65]       M.M. Fard, A.M.M. Fard, Eurasian Journal of Science and Technology, 2021, 1, 365-383. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[66]       R Alimoradzadeh, M Mokhtare, S Agah, Iranian Journal of Ageing, 2017, 12, 78-89. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[67]       R. Alimoradzadeh, M.A. Abbasi, F. Zabihi, H. Mirmiranpour, Iranian Journal of Ageing, 2021, 15, 524-533. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[68]       S Etemadi, B Mahmoodiyeh, S Rajabi, A Kamali, M Milanifard, Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 2021, 25, 2417-2426. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]
[69]       S. Zarinabadi, A. Esfandiyari, S.A. Khoddami, A. Samimi, Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2016, 8, 1133-1149. [crossref], [Google Scholar], [Publisher]