Physics
Ateeq ul Rehman; Tahir Munir; Shahbaz Afzal; Muhammad Saleem; Imosobomeh L Ikhioya
Abstract
Recent successes in the development of lead (Pb) halide perovskites have urged extensive research into cost-effective photovoltaic devices, to avoid significant challenges related to stability and toxicity. In this study, device modeling was presented for lead (Pb)-free perovskite solar cells (PSC), ...
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Recent successes in the development of lead (Pb) halide perovskites have urged extensive research into cost-effective photovoltaic devices, to avoid significant challenges related to stability and toxicity. In this study, device modeling was presented for lead (Pb)-free perovskite solar cells (PSC), by employing FAsnI3 as the perovskite absorber layer. The simulation evaluates the impact of varying thickness, acceptor density of the hole transport layer (HTL), and temperature within the ranges from 50 to 250 nm, 1x1018 cm-3 to 1x1022 cm-3, and 300 K to 450 K, respectively. The photovoltaic cell has inverted geometry (p-i-n) and device structure is ITO/PEDOT:PSS/FASnI3/BCP/Au. The FASnI3-based PSC exhibits an efficiency of 14.03%, current density (Jsc) 20.4 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF) 76.7%, and open circuit voltage (Voc) 0.92 V and these results are already presented experimental with same device structure. These results showed that a more eco-friendly solar cell using methyl ammonium tin was created successfully as perovskite. It is suggested to use alternative materials instead of methyl ammonium tin as perovskite.
Physics
Mohammad Ranjbarian
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the excellence of Ilam Telecommunication Organization based on EFQM. The statistical population of this research is all the personnel of Ilam Telecommunication Organization and the sample size has been obtained using Cochran's formula of 202 people. Data collection ...
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the excellence of Ilam Telecommunication Organization based on EFQM. The statistical population of this research is all the personnel of Ilam Telecommunication Organization and the sample size has been obtained using Cochran's formula of 202 people. Data collection tool in this study was a questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed and its reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 89%. In this research, library and field methods have been used to collect information, and the present research is applied in terms of purpose and based on how to obtain the required data of descriptive research to analyze the data of the questionnaire in Descriptive statistics section (mean, standard deviation, ...) and inferential statistics section (pattern determination test, test of research hypotheses through means comparison test, one-sample t-test) have been used in SPSS software package. In this research, an attempt has been made to examine the situation of the employees of the Telecommunication Organization of Ilam Province based on the nine areas mentioned in the two groups of results and enablers. Finally, after performing the final analysis and using the test related to the hypotheses and using the one-sample t-test, it was determined that the population considered in this study, i.e. the employees of the Telecommunication Organization of Ilam province, has obtained 514 points out of 1000. All hypotheses are accepted and finally suggestions for each criterion are presented for continuous improvement.