Clinical Medicine
Roohallah Yousefi
Abstract
In summary, this study investigated the relationship between climate, COVID-19 transmission and mortality rates. The results showed that countries with colder climates have higher infection and mortality rates. This could be due to factors such as increased time spent indoors during the winter and less ...
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In summary, this study investigated the relationship between climate, COVID-19 transmission and mortality rates. The results showed that countries with colder climates have higher infection and mortality rates. This could be due to factors such as increased time spent indoors during the winter and less outdoor activity in cold conditions. On the other hand, warmer temperatures and higher humidity were associated with lower transmission rates of COVID-19. In contrast, colder temperatures and lower humidity may favor the spread of the virus. In addition, air pollution was found to worsen COVID-19 transmission and mortality rates, possibly due to its effects on respiratory health and immune function. These findings highlight the complicated relationship between climate, air pollution, COVID-19 transmission, and mortality rates. We also point out that various factors must be taken into account to understand the COVID-19 dynamics in different climatic and environmental conditions.
Clinical Medicine
Mohammad Sadegh Sanie Jahromi; Reza Sahraeai; Shahram Shafa; Mojtaba Ghaedi; Mahbobeh Ranjbar; Hasan Zabetian
Abstract
Introduction: Pain and anxiety after surgery is an unpleasant experience that occurs following various stimuli and humans react to it. This process causes physiological disorders in all body systems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the effect of oral melatonin and gabapentin ...
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Introduction: Pain and anxiety after surgery is an unpleasant experience that occurs following various stimuli and humans react to it. This process causes physiological disorders in all body systems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the effect of oral melatonin and gabapentin on pain and anxiety in patients undergoing upper extremity orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia.Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial study, 90 patients with anesthesia class 1 and 2 underwent upper limb orthopedic surgery with general anesthesia. Patients were divided into 3 groups, gabapentin, melatonin, and placebo. VAS scale was used to measure patients' pain. Patients' hemodynamic symptoms were further investigated. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistical tests at a significance level of P<0.05.Results: 90 patients underwent upper limb orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia. There was no significant difference between the three groups of gabapentin, melatonin, and placebo in the incidence of pain at different times (P<0.05). Trends in mean diastolic blood pressure was not significant (P=0.612). Trends in the average heart rate from the time before entering the operating room to recovery and its exit was not significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that both gabapentin and melatonin drugs have no effect on postoperative pain in patients undergoing upper limb orthopedic surgery, and it may be better to use other drugs or in combination with other sedative drugs.
Clinical Medicine
Yazdan Dokht Ghaffari; Naser Ghorbanian
Abstract
Introduction: Since general surgeries have a wide range of types of surgeries and the possibility of cognitive disorders in these patients is high and can increase mortality and complications after surgery, the present study was designed and conducted following the question that do changes in blood sugar, ...
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Introduction: Since general surgeries have a wide range of types of surgeries and the possibility of cognitive disorders in these patients is high and can increase mortality and complications after surgery, the present study was designed and conducted following the question that do changes in blood sugar, electrolytes, and blood pressure cause cognitive disorders in patients who are candidates for general surgery under general anesthesia, or not?Methodology: This article was carried out by using a non-systematic and descriptive review method; the non-systematic method by searching without any restrictions in Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, and PubMed by using keywords selected based on the mesh including: Blood sugar, glucose, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, general anesthesia, surgery, surgery general, pain, electrolyte, vitamin, blood pressure, cognitive impairment, post-surgery, and delirium were done.Results: A total of 38 articles were found (12 articles related to the relationship between blood glucose and cognitive disorders, 13 articles about electrolytes and cognitive disorders, and 13 articles about blood pressure and cognitive disorders) and it was evaluated that these articles were published from 2005 (one article) to 2022.Conclusion: The changes and fluctuations of blood sugar, electrolytes, and blood pressure during general anesthesia in patients who are candidates for general surgery are one of the important and fundamental factors in the occurrence of cognitive disorders after surgery. Therefore, preventive measures should be considered for all patients.
Clinical Medicine
Mansour Rezaei; Ramin Azhough
Abstract
Introduction: Diosmin is effective in inhibiting the inflammatory response pathways and improving the acute and chronic symptoms of hemorrhoids. Very few studies have been conducted in this field, and the effectiveness of this drug in different studies has not been presented in a single study so that ...
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Introduction: Diosmin is effective in inhibiting the inflammatory response pathways and improving the acute and chronic symptoms of hemorrhoids. Very few studies have been conducted in this field, and the effectiveness of this drug in different studies has not been presented in a single study so that it can be used or not used based on its results. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Diosmin on pain after hemorrhoidectomy in the form of a systematic review of clinical trial studies.Methods: The present study was a systematic review that was designed and conducted based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) statement. The search was done in SID, Magiran, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases by following the entry and exit criteria and the keywords such as pain, hemoroide, hemorrhoidectomy, Diosmin, surgery, and post-operative.Results: 824 patients participated in these 4 randomized clinical trial studies (with a high quality). The instrument used to assess pain intensity in all studies was the Visual Analogic Scale. Diosmin tablets were prescribed in two forms: 500 mg (in three studies) and 300 mg (in one study) after hemorrhoidectomy. In three studies, Diosmin tablets led to a reduction in pain intensity after hemorrhoidectomy, and in one study, no significant difference was seen.Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that the use of 500 mg Diosmin oral tablets can lead to a reduction in pain intensity after hemorrhoidectomy. Due to the lower number of studies, the results of this study should be used with caution.
Clinical Medicine
Mojtaba Ghaedi; Elham Javidmehr; Navid Kalani; Hasan Zabetian
Abstract
Background: To relieve the pain caused by propofol injection, a wide range of medicinal and non-pharmacological methods have been investigated. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing two drugs, ephedrine and dexamethasone, on the pain caused by propofol injection in patients undergoing ...
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Background: To relieve the pain caused by propofol injection, a wide range of medicinal and non-pharmacological methods have been investigated. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing two drugs, ephedrine and dexamethasone, on the pain caused by propofol injection in patients undergoing elective surgery.Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 60 patients who were candidates for elective surgery referred to Peymaniyeh Hospital in Jahrom City. Patients were divided into two groups A: dexamethasone with a dose of 8 mg/kg and group B: ephedrine with a dose of 5 mg using a table of random numbers. Dexamethasone and ephedrine were injected within 5 seconds, and after 30 seconds, propofol 1% in the amount of 3 ml (equivalent to 30 mg) was injected into the corresponding vein at a speed of 0.5 ml per second. After the injection, the patient was clearly asked about pain or discomfort at the injection site, and the answer was yes or no, and if there was pain, its severity was recorded in the questionnaire based on verbal descriptions. The data was analyzed using SPSS Software (version 21) and using descriptive (frequency, number, standard deviation, and mean) and inferential (Chi-square test) statistics. P<0.05 was considered as significant.Findings: 60 patients included in the study were divided into two groups of 30 dexamethasone and ephedrine. There was no statistically significant difference between both groups in terms of demographic characteristics (age, gender, and weight) and they were the same. Comparing the pain made by propofol injection in dexamethasone and ephedrine groups, using the Chi-square test, showed that the frequency of pain in the ephedrine group (33.3%) was not significant compared with dexamethasone group (40%) (P=0.23).Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, although more people in the ephedrine group were pain free, the amount of pain in the ephedrine and dexamethasone groups was not statistically significant.
Clinical Medicine
Ali Reza Nasseri; Farshad Mahdavi
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is known as the most common cancer in women and various aspects of dealing with this disease have been studied by researchers for many years. One of these areas is tumor markers and its effect on determining the prognosis of patients and determining the most appropriate treatment ...
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Introduction: Breast cancer is known as the most common cancer in women and various aspects of dealing with this disease have been studied by researchers for many years. One of these areas is tumor markers and its effect on determining the prognosis of patients and determining the most appropriate treatment method. Therefore, we decided to conduct a study to evaluate tumor markers of breast cancer in women candidates for mastectomy.Methods: The clinical records of 100 patients with breast cancer were evaluated for information such as information about pathological examinations of the sample (markers: ER, PR, HER2, P53, CEA) and recurrence of symptoms during a two-year period. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver17 statistical software, descriptive statistics and logistic regression test.Results: 24% had recurrence among which P53 and CEA markers had the highest frequency and in the absence of recurrence group ER and CEA markers had the highest frequency.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that paying attention to tumor levels of markers such as P53 and CEA can be helpful in identifying people who will have recurrence and attention to it can greatly determine the fate of the disease.
Clinical Medicine
Reza Eghdam Zamiri; Farshad Mahdavi
Abstract
Because long-term drainage can cause problems such as limited mobility of the affected limb and pain in the patient's armpit, studies that can determine the effect of prolonged drainage on serum incidence may lead to earlier drainage. And the reduction of the resulting complications should be helpful. ...
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Because long-term drainage can cause problems such as limited mobility of the affected limb and pain in the patient's armpit, studies that can determine the effect of prolonged drainage on serum incidence may lead to earlier drainage. And the reduction of the resulting complications should be helpful. Therefore, the present study was performed with the aim of the effect of surgical drainage on seroma incidence in breast cancer surgery. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed during the years 2018 to 2020 with the participation of 152 patients after breast surgery in the hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Diagnosis of seroma after surgery (for one week) was made by a physician and the factors affecting its formation were collected in the data collection form. Data were compared by Chi-square test. The mean age of the study participants was 46 years; Tumor size in most participants was less than two centimeters; The stage of the disease was in the majority of participants I, II and in most of them the breast mass was completely removed. The surgical drain remained in the majority of participants for 5 to 9 days. The prevalence of seroma in this study was 35%; The results of this study showed that the type of surgical device, the number of days of drain use, as well as the stage of the disease and the type of surgery performed on the breast have no role in the incidence of seroma.
Clinical Medicine
Shabnam Noei Alamdary; Shahram Ghasembaglou
Abstract
The main indications for tonsillectomy are recurrent infection, pre-tonsillar abscess, and obstructive sleep apnea and suspected malignancy. Incisional biopsy or Excisional biopsy is needed when a tonsillectomy is examined for suspected malignancy. According to the above, the purpose of this study is ...
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The main indications for tonsillectomy are recurrent infection, pre-tonsillar abscess, and obstructive sleep apnea and suspected malignancy. Incisional biopsy or Excisional biopsy is needed when a tonsillectomy is examined for suspected malignancy. According to the above, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical results and pathological findings of tonsillectomy samples in people 16 years and younger. This case control study was performed with the participation of 305 patients under 18 years of age who were candidates for tonsillectomy surgery; Samples obtained after surgery were measured using Brodsky criteria and their results were evaluated and compared with pathology results. Surgical indications for 102 patients with symmetrical tonsils, including 46 cases with chronic tonsillitis (1.45%), hypertrophy of the tonsils with obstruction in 24 cases (23.5%), and recurrent infections of the tonsils with hypertrophic palate in 32 patients (4.31). %) Was. Pathologically studied samples in the control group were reactivemphoid hyperplasia in 56 cases (9.54%), lymphoidhyperplasia with fibrosis in 24 cases (23.5%) and chronic tonsillitis in 22 cases (21.5%). Tonsillectomy with indication of chronic tonsillitis and recurrent tonsillitis in patients who are otherwise normal examination is secondary to benign hyperplasia or anatomical factors. Therefore, the presence of asymmetry without suspicious appearance factors and significant signs and symptoms and progressive enlargement of the tonsils and concomitant adenopathy and a history of malignancy or immunodeficiency do not suggest malignancy and have no diagnostic value.
Clinical Medicine
Shabnam Noei Alamdary; Shahram Ghasembaglou
Abstract
Introduction: Statistical study of neck masses and their evaluation and treatment methods have received much attention in journals and reference books. However, due to differences in the range of diseases and diagnostic-therapeutic facilities between different countries, it is necessary to achieve differential ...
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Introduction: Statistical study of neck masses and their evaluation and treatment methods have received much attention in journals and reference books. However, due to differences in the range of diseases and diagnostic-therapeutic facilities between different countries, it is necessary to achieve differential diagnoses of neck masses in Iran through regional studies.Material and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted during 2018-2019 with the participation of 203 patients referred to the ENT clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Patients with suspected neck masses underwent sampling and imaging after examination and their results were reported.Results: In neoplastic lesions, the most involvement was in the jugulodysgastric lymphatic chain. In non-neoplastic lesions, the most common site of involvement was the anterior-middle part of the neck. In both sexes, the most common site of neck mass was in the jugulodigastric lymphatic chain, with a prevalence of 20% in men and 22% in women, respectively, with the difference that the percentage of neoplastic lesions in the area in both males and females was 36.86%, respectively and 55%.Conclusion: A complete and frequent clinical examination is necessary in adults who are in their fourth decade of life. FNA is the best method after the examination if the cause of the mass is not known. After eliminating the inflammatory causes, SCC is the most common pathology in men and tuberculosis in women, which is often seen in the jugulodigastric lymph chain and posterior triangle of the neck, respectively.
Clinical Medicine
Parham Maroufi; Behrooz Nazari
Abstract
Due to the high prevalence of osteoporosis in Iran and its relationship with bone fractures and reduced life expectancy in these patients and the knowledge that early diagnosis and timely treatment reduces the financial burden on the treatment system and the burden of disease complications on patients. ...
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Due to the high prevalence of osteoporosis in Iran and its relationship with bone fractures and reduced life expectancy in these patients and the knowledge that early diagnosis and timely treatment reduces the financial burden on the treatment system and the burden of disease complications on patients. Density of one-third distal radius was performed in patients prone to primary osteoporosis.This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed during 2019 with the participation of 71 patients referred to orthopedic clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Clinical examinations and bone density measurements were performed for them and its relationship with distal third radius fractures was investigated. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test. Sensitivity of one-third of the distal radius T-score compared to femoral neck T-score in terms of diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteopenia 82.35 and 51%, respectively, and its specificity 46.51%, and for total lumbar vertebrae in terms of diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteopenia, respectively. 92.31% and 65.62% and its specificity was 30.77%. According to the findings of this study, the study of one distal one-third mineral density of radius bone by DXA method for the diagnosis of osteoporosis has a significant sensitivity and has a significant relationship with the density of lumbar vertebrae (femur).
Clinical Medicine
Mahna Mohammad; Farideh Mohammadkhani Orouji
Abstract
Levamisole can be used in a large number of domestic animals such as sheep, goats, cattle, horses, pigs, poultry, dogs and cats as well as wild animals as a drug completely effective in the neonatal and pubertal stages of most gastrointestinal and respiratory nematodes. Animals such as Homoncus, Strategica ...
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Levamisole can be used in a large number of domestic animals such as sheep, goats, cattle, horses, pigs, poultry, dogs and cats as well as wild animals as a drug completely effective in the neonatal and pubertal stages of most gastrointestinal and respiratory nematodes. Animals such as Homoncus, Strategica trichostrongilus, and Coperia are known. Levamisole also has a significant effect on dictiococcus pneumoniae, and is the only anthelmintic in sheep for use against lungworms. 15 mg per kg orally and 15 days later an injectable dose will kill the worm and its eggs. Vamisol has little effect on small or large estrogens. In dogs, a dose of 15 mg per kg reduces toxocaracinosis, and ascariasis by 91%, and also repels hookworms. In cats, at a dose of 8 mg per kg, it is effective against ascariasis and hookworm. In poultry, it causes a 95% reduction in Scaridia galli, and Hethrax gallinarum and capillary, if consumed in the amount of 36-49 mg per kg. In addition to its extensive antiparasitic properties, levamisole, with its known immunogenic properties, increases the resistance of the animal body, and thus helps in the treatment of certain diseases in humans and animals. Levamisole is effective in boosting the immune system by increasing the number and function of T lymphocytes and macrophages and can stimulate antibody production, increase macrophage xenophagy, inhibit tumor growth, and enhance inhibitory cell activity.
Clinical Medicine
Ali Maher; Leila Mehrdana; Mehrnoosh Jafari
Abstract
The present study is descriptive in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population of this study includes the staff (supervisors, head nurses, staffs of wards) of private hospitals in Tehran, including 140 people, by using Morgan table, 100 of these people were selected in the mentioned hospitals ...
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The present study is descriptive in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population of this study includes the staff (supervisors, head nurses, staffs of wards) of private hospitals in Tehran, including 140 people, by using Morgan table, 100 of these people were selected in the mentioned hospitals and by using cluster random sampling method, five hospitals were selected as a sample. In this study, a questionnaire with Likert spectrum and fuzzy analytical network process was used to perform pairwise comparisons. The average Cronbach''s alpha coefficients were calculated above 0.8, which indicates that the opinions are reliable and have good reliability. According to the analytic hierarchy process and prioritization of criteria, it can be seen that "proper use of medical and non-medical consumables (S)" has the highest rank with a final weight of 0.107065 and "supervision of department warehouses and their organization (W)" with the final weight of "0.00559g" has the lowest rank of the factors related to reducing the cost of private hospitals in Tehran. The results of the study showed that the majority of units in the studied hospitals had operational losses despite their high capacity. In many of the studied units, there was a significant discrepancy between the number of services provided and the amount of services required to locate the operational center at the head point, and these factors impose a financial burden on the studied hospitals.
Clinical Medicine
Aslan Ahmadi; Hadi Ghanbari; Mohammad Mehdi Salem; Amir Mohammad Milani Fard; Khosro Barkhordari
Abstract
Background: Due to the lack of interventional studies on the change in sound quality of patients suffering laryngeal cancer after partial frontolateral laryngectomy and anterior TVC reconstruction using laser, we aimed to assess the extent of changes in sound quality after correction of anterior vocal ...
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Background: Due to the lack of interventional studies on the change in sound quality of patients suffering laryngeal cancer after partial frontolateral laryngectomy and anterior TVC reconstruction using laser, we aimed to assess the extent of changes in sound quality after correction of anterior vocal cord web by flap technique using TVC base in frontolateral laryngectomy by voice handicap index (VHI) and voice analysis factors in patients with glottic cancer.Methods: In this interventional case series study, 15 consecutive patients with laryngeal carcinoma undergoing partial frontolateral laryngectomy by laser at Hazrat Rasool Akram Hospital between 2017 and 2019 suffering anterior adhesion of vocal cords were entered in final evaluation. All patients underwent microlaryngeal flap surgery to improve sound quality. The anterior web of larynx was dissected with a 6-watt super pulse CO2 laser. Results: The vocal analysis before and after operation showed a significantly improving vocal quality parameters including Habitual F0, Jitter, Shimmer, Tremor F0, Mean F0, SD F0, Max F0, NNE, HNR, SNR, Ratio, Hoarse score, Harsh, and breathy after surgery as compared to before that. The scores for three emotional, physical, and functional components of VHI all significantly improved after operation. Conclusion: The correction of anterior vocal cord web by flap technique using TVC base in frontolateral laryngectomy leads to favorable outcome regarding vocal quality and voice performance in patients suffering glottic cancer
Clinical Medicine
Ramin Moftian; Fatemeh Mohammadi Parchestani; Alireza Gholami Tilko
Abstract
This research is quasi-experimental and applied and was randomly divided into three groups: aerobics, yoga and control. Subjects in the experimental groups participated in a specific exercise program for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session for 1 hour. Exercises in the aerobic group included ...
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This research is quasi-experimental and applied and was randomly divided into three groups: aerobics, yoga and control. Subjects in the experimental groups participated in a specific exercise program for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session for 1 hour. Exercises in the aerobic group included 10 minutes of warm-up, 40 minutes of rhythmic movements and 10 minutes of returning to the original state. Aerobic exercises were performed in the first sessions with an intensity of 55% of maximal reserve heart rate and in the last sessions with an intensity of 75% of maximal reserve heart rate. The exercises in the yoga group included 40 minutes of asana exercises, 10 minutes of Shavasana exercises and 10 minutes of pranayama exercises. The control group did not perform any regular exercise and physical activity during the study and only participated in pre-test and post-test at the beginning and end of the training period. In terms of factors affecting the research variables, such as menstrual cycle regularity, lack of specific diseases not taking drugs, smoking, etc., the subjects had similar and similar conditions. Measurement variables in pre-test and post-test were: body composition aerobic power, blood pressure, heart rate, pulmonary parameters, anaerobic power Leg muscles are flexibility and hand strength. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.
Clinical Medicine
Hossein Najdsepas; Nahid Rahimzadeh; Masoud Haghighikian; Mahyar Maddahali; Maryam Milani Fard
Abstract
Background: Achievement of a vascular access in pediatric patients is a very difficult, time-consuming, and boring process. The present study aimed to evaluate the patency of the two vascu-lar access catheterization techniques including percutaneus IJV cannulation and saphenofemoral cutdown in terms ...
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Background: Achievement of a vascular access in pediatric patients is a very difficult, time-consuming, and boring process. The present study aimed to evaluate the patency of the two vascu-lar access catheterization techniques including percutaneus IJV cannulation and saphenofemoral cutdown in terms of the functional time of catheterization and the complications of these two vas-cular access methods among the neonatal and pediatric patients. Methods: This prospective interventional case series study was conducted on 88 children admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and needing an intravenous cannulation. The study population was randomly (using a computerized random number table) assigned into two groups undergoing vascu-lar catheterization by saphenous vein cutdown (n=59) and percutaneus internal jugular vein cathe-terization (n=29). The two groups were compared regarding the rates of catheter blockage; vein thrombosis and infection. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: The duration of catheter functionality was significantly shorter in the saphenofemoral vein cutdown group than that in the internal jugular vein catheterization group (11.4±12.2 and 14.82±11.39, respectively; P = 0.021). However, we showed no significant difference between the two groups in the prevalence rate of hematoma (p = 0.794), bleeding (p = 0.601), catheter blockage (p = 0.989), site infection (p = 0.684), sepsis (p = 0.937), vein thrombosis (P = 0.999), hemothorax (p = 0.937) and pneumothorax (p = 0.937). Conclusion: Vascular access through internal jugular vein resulted in a longer functional catheteriza-tion in ICU admitted children, compared to saphenofemoral vein cutdown, without any difference in other technical-related outcomes.
Clinical Medicine
Maryam Milani Fard; Amir Mohammad Milani Fard
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various psychosocial factors on coping strategies in MS patients. Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study and the study population includes all men and women with inflammatory bowel disease and members ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various psychosocial factors on coping strategies in MS patients. Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study and the study population includes all men and women with inflammatory bowel disease and members of the inflammatory bowel association. In this study, sampling method was performed by available method. In order to collect data, the standard questionnaire of coping strategies of Lazarus and Folkman, the researcher-made questionnaire of social protection, the self-efficacy questionnaire of Scherer et al. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there is a significant relationship between socioeconomic status, coping strategies and the results of Spearman correlation coefficient test indicate a significant positive relationship between social network, social support, and sense of self-efficacy. Perception of the disease was problem-oriented coping strategy and inversely related to emotion-coping coping strategy. Conclusion: The results of Spearman correlation test show that at the level of 95% probability between social support and seeking social support (correlation coefficient equal to 0.692), problematic problem solving (correlation coefficient equal to 0.739), confrontational confrontation (correlation coefficient equal to 0.466) There is a direct significant relationship (positive correlation coefficient and significance levels is less than 0.05). Researchers such as Tuis (1982) found that people with lower socioeconomic status were more likely to use emotion-avoidance coping strategies and less problem-solving coping, so our first hypothesis is cons.
Clinical Medicine
Maryam Milani Fard; Amir Mohammad Milani Fard
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of office stones in kidney patients and how they are formed and treated. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys are located outside the peritoneal cavity on either side of the spine from the twelfth thoracic vertebra to the ...
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This study investigated the effect of office stones in kidney patients and how they are formed and treated. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys are located outside the peritoneal cavity on either side of the spine from the twelfth thoracic vertebra to the third lumbar vertebra. Types of stones are divided into two categories of calcium and non-calcium stones. Calcium stones are more common in men and the main causes of calcium stones include hypercalciuria due to hereditary formation, hyperuricosuria due to diet, hyperparathyroidism due to neoplasia, intestinal hyperoxaluria due to intestinal surgery and In the hereditary type, due to heredity and hypocitration, it can be caused by diet or heredity. Struvite stones are caused by a urinary tract infection caused by mold bacteria (Proteus). These stones are more common in women. Patients are treated with thiazide diuretics. Absorption hypercalciuria nephrolithiasis is treated only by surgical removal of the invasive parathyroid adenoma. Renal hypercalciuria is effectively treated with hydrochlorothiazides. Hyperuricosuric calcium calcification is a treatment with a diet low in purine, allopurinol and potassium citrate, and treatment of hyperoxaluria calcium calcification is with calcitramine, and treatment of hypocitration with potassium salts, including potassium citrate, is successful.
Clinical Medicine
Maryam Milani Fard; Anita Amini; Masoumeh Shafie Aghol
Abstract
Introduction: Evaluation in health services has a long history. The application of quality standards to hospitals or other facilities first became common in the United States and gradually spread to other countries.Materials: Evaluation and inspection of health care services in the form of different ...
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Introduction: Evaluation in health services has a long history. The application of quality standards to hospitals or other facilities first became common in the United States and gradually spread to other countries.Materials: Evaluation and inspection of health care services in the form of different approaches (ISO, superiority models, accreditation and peer group) are used voluntarily or compulsorily around the world and are gradually expanding. Root approaches to industries or sectorsHealth returns. There is a concern that all approaches should take into account the use of valid standards, quality improvement, transparency and public accountability.Discussion and Conclusion: All methods are dynamic and evolving, but the validity of some of them is faster. At the same time, their origins are different. There is a kind of convergence between them.
Clinical Medicine
Elham Sadat Motaharian; Zahra Sadeghi; Leili Sadat Sharif Mousavi; Reyhaneh Maleki; Zobeyr Rigi; Maryam Milani Fard; Amir Mohammad Milani Fard; Fatemeh Nomiri
Abstract
Hospital nursing resources are among most occupied personnel during COVID-19 pandemics, the aim of the present study is to rule out the role of hospital nursing resources during covid-19 pandemics. The service allocation on the present hospitals were evaluated and reported to be justified in some centers. ...
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Hospital nursing resources are among most occupied personnel during COVID-19 pandemics, the aim of the present study is to rule out the role of hospital nursing resources during covid-19 pandemics. The service allocation on the present hospitals were evaluated and reported to be justified in some centers. The base of human and supply distribution in some medical centers was scientific and reasonable while in other there was no definitive strategy toward this dilemma. In such centers, the preventive strategies against covid-19 was effective and the medical heads were effectively capable of infection control. The personnel and supply management in emergency conditions was also successful and showed promising results. But despite these, emergency conditions was with some standings including supply or allocation concealment, so it is suggested that, more focus should be noted on nursing allocation during emergency conditions in order to enhance service quality during covid-19 pandemics.
Clinical Medicine
Maryam Milani Fard; Amir Mohammad Milani Fard
Abstract
In this study, a controlled drug delivery system was modeled to release the drug dissolved in a polymer matrix by polymer degradation. This system is in the form of a page. The drug is released into the environment by the mechanism of penetration and degradation of the polymer. What comes to mind when ...
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In this study, a controlled drug delivery system was modeled to release the drug dissolved in a polymer matrix by polymer degradation. This system is in the form of a page. The drug is released into the environment by the mechanism of penetration and degradation of the polymer. What comes to mind when you first hear the name of the drug may be nothing more than pills, capsules or ampoules! While the world of medicine and the methods of its delivery to the body are not limited to these. Drugs usually enter the body in both digestive and non-digestive ways. The introduction of drugs from these methods has problems and limitations, and for this reason, researchers were looking for ways that could solve the above problems to a large extent. Following these efforts, controlled drug delivery systems were introduced, which have many benefits. The most important of these advantages include the ability to maintain the drug concentration at a relatively constant level for a certain period of time, the ability to adjust the drug release rate depending on the drug delivery site, the ability to deliver the drug to a specific organ or tissue, the ability to deliver multiple drugs with one formulation. These systems have revolutionized the treatment of many diseases and are evolving.
Clinical Medicine
Maryam Milani Fard; Amir Mohammad Milani Fard
Abstract
Due to the diversity of polymers as well as their complex behavior, research in this field is still widely developed. Because biodegradable polymers become decomposed in the human body after decomposition, they are more commonly used because surgery is not required to remove these polymers from the body ...
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Due to the diversity of polymers as well as their complex behavior, research in this field is still widely developed. Because biodegradable polymers become decomposed in the human body after decomposition, they are more commonly used because surgery is not required to remove these polymers from the body after the drug is released. Understanding the mechanism, modeling and studies of drug release from homopolymers, copolymers and mixtures of this family of polyesters is the focus of this research. In this research, the release of drug from homo and biodegradable copolymer in pure form with drug and finally the mixture of the two with drug has been investigated to determine the differences. In the proposed model, the equations that represent the degradation of the polymer are used to be able to predict the degradation of the polymer. The drug used is paclitaxel, which is a very important drug for chemotherapy. Since this drug is administered every 3 weeks for 3 hours, it is necessary to use controlled systems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to achieve a predictable model for controlled release of paclitaxel, so that this model responds to the release of paclitaxel at any time.
Clinical Medicine
Andi Brous
Abstract
One of the most important goals in the color photography process is to reconstruct and translate colors faithfully and correctly, and if the photographer wants the colors to have unnatural effects in the image, this unfaithful translation must be predictable and completely under the control and desire ...
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One of the most important goals in the color photography process is to reconstruct and translate colors faithfully and correctly, and if the photographer wants the colors to have unnatural effects in the image, this unfaithful translation must be predictable and completely under the control and desire of the photographer. Special color photography filters are filters that serve these purposes. As mentioned, the process of translating and reconstructing colors depends on the topic of "color temperature".It is emphasized again that the correct translation of colors in a color image is achieved when the color temperature of the light used is completely consistent with the color quality of the emulsion used. Different types of special color photography filters are actually color temperature filters that change the sum of the three colors of blue, red and green in the light or each of these three colors by different images.
Clinical Medicine
Kamal Malmal; Negin Shiri
Abstract
In photography, emulsions that are proportionate to the light must be used. If we use daylight, we must use emulsions that are set to a color temperature of 5500 degrees Kelvin (which is the temperature of daylight). Otherwise, incorrect translation of colors will take place. For this reason, in color ...
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In photography, emulsions that are proportionate to the light must be used. If we use daylight, we must use emulsions that are set to a color temperature of 5500 degrees Kelvin (which is the temperature of daylight). Otherwise, incorrect translation of colors will take place. For this reason, in color photography, different emulsions are made, each of which is set to capture an image with a specific light (light with a specific color temperature). This emulsion is formulated for use with light whose color temperature is 5500 degrees Kelvin. Since the most famous light that has such a color temperature is daylight, this type of emulsion is called daylight emulsion. This type of color emulsion is produced with little difference for both photography and cinema. In color filmmaking, another non-professional scale emulsion was used in the past, known as the G-type emulsion, which could provide almost accurate color translation if used with light at temperatures between 3200 ° K and 5500 ° K. In fact, this type of emulsion was designed to cover a variety of "color temperatures" from 3200 to 5500 degrees Kelvin, but this type of coating and adaptation was not perfect, and the color translation seemed almost correct, and therefore There was no professional application of this type of emulsion. This type of emulsion is not very popular today.